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Spotlight PEPPOL BIS Billing 3.0 The EU e-invoicing mandate is here — France Sept 2026, Belgium Jan 2026, Germany 2025.

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X12 920 — Loss or Damage Claim - General Commodities

The 920 carries a loss or damage claim (general commodities) against a carrier: shipment reference, nature and extent of the damage, claim amount.

Purpose

The 920 documents the post-delivery claim addressed by the shipper, consignee or party-in-interest to the carrier: Pro number / B/L reference, affected line(s), damage description (total loss, partial loss, damage), claimed amount, calculation basis (invoice value, replacement value, declared value), supporting documents.

It is part of the transport-claim cycle governed by the NMFTA and transport contracts (Carmack Amendment in US interstate). Acknowledged by 997, it is typically followed by a 926 (Claim Status Report and Tracer Reply) from the carrier.

Envelope structure

The 920 travels within the three X12 envelope levels (ISA/IEA, GS/GE with functional group LO, and ST/SE). Didactic example in release 004010:

x12 example-920.x12 
ISA*00*          *00*          *ZZ*ACMESHIPPER   *ZZ*ACMECARRIER   *260514*1015*U*00401*000000920*0*P*>~
GS*LO*ACMESHIPPER*ACMECARRIER*20260514*1015*1*X*004010~
ST*920*0001~
B7B*00*CLM-2026-0021*20260514~
N1*CL*ACME ELECTRONICS INC*92*S-0001~
N1*CA*ACME CARRIER LLC*92*ACMC~
N9*PO*PO78901~
N9*BM*MAEU-7741230~
LX*1~
L5*1*ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS~
L0*1*150*L*0.5*M3*150~
B7C*DM*P*Damaged during handling — 8 units crushed~
AMT*CL*4200.00~
SE*10*0001~
GE*1*1~
IEA*1*000000920~

Common segments

  • Header — ST, B7B (Beginning Segment for Loss or Damage Claim), N9 (shipment refs).
  • Parties — N1*CL (Claimant), N1*CA (Carrier), N1*CN.
  • Affected lines — LX loop with L5, L0, B7C (Loss or Damage Specifics: code, type, description).
  • Amount — AMT*CL (Claim Amount).
  • Attachments — PWK (photos, B/L, invoice, inspection report).
  • Summary — SE.

Common pitfalls

  • Claim deadline: Carmack Amendment requires 9 months post-delivery for US interstate; a 920 past deadline is legally weak — encode timestamps and trace.
  • Value basis: invoice vs declared vs replacement value — encode explicitly via AMT qualifier; absent that, the carrier defaults to the least claimant-friendly basis.
  • Missing evidence: PWK must point to photos + B/L + invoice + inspection report; an unsupported claim is typically rejected within 30 days without audit.

Documentation

The code 920 and the name Loss or Damage Claim - General Commodities are public and listed on x12.org/products/transaction-sets. The complete structure of loops, qualifiers and code lists is distributed by DISA via the proprietary Implementation Guides (TR3). ediverse.io covers only public concepts, the envelope and didactic examples.