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Spotlight PEPPOL BIS Billing 3.0 The EU e-invoicing mandate is here — France Sept 2026, Belgium Jan 2026, Germany 2025.

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X12 191 — Student Loan Pre-Claims and Claims

The 191 transmits pre-claims and claims on student loans between a lender / servicer and a guarantor (USDE, state guarantee agency).

Purpose

The 191 documents the claim procedure on a defaulted student loan: pre-claim (warning before default) or claim (request for reimbursement by the guarantor to the lender for a definitively defaulted loan). It carries loan history, missed payments, collection actions taken.

It feeds the historical FFELP program and certain current state programs. Acknowledged by 997. Followed by a 194 (Grant or Assistance Application) or an 820 for reimbursement.

Envelope structure

The 191 travels within the three X12 envelope levels (ISA/IEA, GS/GE with functional group SP, and ST/SE). Didactic example in release 004010:

x12 example-191.x12 
ISA*00*          *00*          *ZZ*LENDER        *ZZ*GUARANTOR     *260515*0900*U*00401*000000191*0*P*>~
GS*SP*LENDER*GUARANTOR*20260515*0900*1*X*004010~
ST*191*0001~
BGN*00*CLM-SL-2026-0099*20260515~
NM1*IL*1*DOE*JANE*A***34*SSN-LAST4-1234~
N1*LE*ACME LENDER*24*EIN-LENDER~
N1*GA*STATE GUARANTEE AGENCY*24*EIN-GA~
REF*0F*LOAN-STAFFORD-2018-0099~
REF*ZZ*CLAIM-TYPE-PRE-CLAIM~
DTM*036*20260315~
AMT*ZZ*8750.00~
SE*10*0001~
GE*1*1~
IEA*1*000000191~

Common segments

  • Header — ST, BGN.
  • Borrower — NM1*IL.
  • Lender / Guarantor — N1*LE, N1*GA.
  • Loan — REF*0F (loan number).
  • Claim — REF*ZZ (PRE-CLAIM, CLAIM), DTM*036 (default date), AMT*ZZ (claim amount).
  • Summary — SE.

Common pitfalls

  • FFELP end-of-life: the federal 191 is no longer issued for new Stafford loans since 2010; a recent federal 191 is a legacy unwind.
  • Due diligence requirements: a claim without the collection due diligence (calls, letters) documented in MSG is rejected by the guarantor.
  • Aging precision: the default window is precisely defined (270+ days delinquent for FFELP Stafford) — a 191 issued too early is rejected.

Documentation

The code 191 and the name Student Loan Pre-Claims and Claims are public and listed on x12.org/products/transaction-sets. The complete structure of loops, qualifiers and code lists is distributed by DISA via the proprietary Implementation Guides (TR3). ediverse.io covers only public concepts, the envelope and didactic examples.