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SEMANTIC-KERNEL

Semantic Kernel Microsoft SK C# Python Java enterprise.

Definition

Semantic Kernel key concepts: (1) Kernel: main orchestrator container, holds plugins + services + memory. (2) Plugins: collections of functions (native code C#/Python/Java functions, or prompt templates), expose to LLM as tools. Built-in plugins: TimePlugin, ConversationSummaryPlugin, FileIOPlugin, HttpPlugin, MathPlugin, TextPlugin, WebSearchEngine plugins (Bing, Google), etc. Custom plugins: decorated KernelFunction methods. (3) Functions: (a) Semantic functions: prompt templates with parameters, called by LLM execute prompt task ('summarize this text'). (b) Native functions: code functions C#/Python/Java, called by LLM execute computational task. (4) Planners: LLM-powered planners that compose plugins/functions to accomplish goals. Planners types: SequentialPlanner (linear execution), StepwisePlanner (iterative ReAct-like), FunctionCallingPlanner (uses OpenAI function calling natively). (5) Memory: Semantic memory store (embeddings + retrieval) integrated, vector stores (Azure AI Search, Qdrant, Pinecone, Chroma, etc.). (6) Connectors: multiple AI service connectors (OpenAI, Azure OpenAI, Anthropic Claude, Mistral, HuggingFace, local Ollama). Enterprise focus: production deployment + observability (Application Insights + OpenTelemetry tracing), security (Microsoft Entra ID OAuth integration). Microsoft uses SK Bing Chat + Microsoft 365 Copilot + Azure ChatGPT enterprise reference implementation.

Origin

Semantic Kernel initial release March 2023 by Microsoft (Sam Schillace + AI team) ; v1.0 GA December 2023 ; ~20000+ GitHub stars 2024 ; powers Microsoft 365 Copilot + Azure ChatGPT enterprise.

Example in context

Enterprise CRM AI assistant uses Semantic Kernel C# integration with existing .NET ERP: Plugins = CustomersPlugin (CRUD customers SQL Server), OrdersPlugin (orders Dynamics 365), EmailPlugin (Microsoft Graph send email), SearchPlugin (Azure AI Search documents); user 'send follow-up email to customer X about order #123', FunctionCallingPlanner Azure OpenAI orchestrates plugins calls.

  • LangChain — alternative Python ecosystem.

Last updated: May 16, 2026