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Spotlight PEPPOL BIS Billing 3.0 The EU e-invoicing mandate is here — France Sept 2026, Belgium Jan 2026, Germany 2025.

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Foundations

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Standards

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Flagship messages

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Tools

REDD-PLUS

REDD+ forest carbon credits avoided deforestation.

Definition

REDD+ 5 activities: (1) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation (clearing forests for agriculture/development), (2) Reducing Emissions from Forest Degradation (selective logging, fires), (3) Conservation (preservation areas not under immediate threat), (4) Sustainable Forest Management (reduced impact logging, certified FSC), (5) Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks (afforestation + reforestation). Approaches: (a) Project-level: Verra VCS REDD+ methodology, project developers establish baseline deforestation rate + project intervention reduces it, carbon credits issued per tCO2e avoided vs baseline. (b) Jurisdictional REDD+: ART TREES (Architecture for REDD+ Transactions, The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard) standard 2020+, entire countries + states issue jurisdictional REDD+ credits based national/regional aggregate forest cover monitoring, addresses leakage + permanence concerns project-level credits, Guyana + Costa Rica + Indonesia + Brazil pilots. Integrity concerns: Guardian/Die Zeit 2023 investigations alleged Verra VCS REDD+ baselines overestimated 90%+ projects, ICVCM Core Carbon Principles + ART TREES seeks restore credibility. Market dynamics: REDD+ ~30% voluntary carbon market historical, decline 2023 post-integrity concerns, recovery 2024+ via jurisdictional approaches. Articles 6 Paris + REDD+: countries can issue ITMOs from REDD+ jurisdictional results.

Origin

REDD concept 2005 (Reduce Emissions from Deforestation) ; expanded REDD+ 2007 Bali COP13 incl Degradation + Conservation + SFM + Enhancement ; Verra VCS REDD+ methodology 2008+ ; ART TREES jurisdictional 2020+.

Example in context

Guyana ART TREES jurisdictional REDD+: Guyana national forest cover monitoring (sat imagery Planet + JPL NASA), baseline deforestation rate measured, country issues ART TREES credits for forest preserved vs baseline ; agreement Hess Corporation buys $750M Guyana ART TREES credits 2022-2032 oil + gas operations offsets, controversy critics question Guyana's deforestation rate increase post-oil discovery.

Last updated: May 16, 2026