Invoice — Care invoice
Invoice issued by a care provider. Covers patient invoicing (discharge), inter-facility (transfer) or pharmacy/lab (B2B).
Purpose
Invoice carries the detail of a health-care invoice. Linked to ChargeItem (line items), Patient/Organization (beneficiary), Coverage (applicable insurance). VAT calculation, discounts and pricing rules are carried by priceComponent.
Key fields
| Field | Type | Cardinality | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
status | code | 1..1 | draft, issued, balanced, cancelled, entered-in-error. |
identifier | Identifier[] | 0..* | External identifiers. |
type | CodeableConcept | 0..1 | Invoice type / context. |
subject | Reference(Patient | Group) | 0..1 | Patient subject. |
recipient | Reference(Organization | Patient | RelatedPerson) | 0..1 | Invoice recipient (often same as subject). |
date | dateTime | 0..1 | Invoice date. |
issuer | Reference(Organization) | 0..1 | Issuing organisation. |
lineItem | BackboneElement[] | 0..* | Detail lines (item + price components). |
totalNet | Money | 0..1 | Net total (pre-tax). |
totalGross | Money | 0..1 | Gross total (incl. tax). |
JSON example
$75 invoice for an outpatient consultation:
{
"resourceType": "Invoice",
"id": "example",
"identifier": [{ "system": "http://example.org/invoices", "value": "INV-2026-0001" }],
"status": "issued",
"type": { "text": "Outpatient consultation" },
"subject": { "reference": "Patient/example" },
"recipient": { "reference": "Patient/example" },
"date": "2026-05-16",
"issuer": { "reference": "Organization/clinic-orsay" },
"lineItem": [{
"sequence": 1,
"chargeItemReference": { "reference": "ChargeItem/example" },
"priceComponent": [{
"type": "base",
"amount": { "value": 75.00, "currency": "EUR" }
}]
}],
"totalNet": { "value": 75.00, "currency": "EUR" },
"totalGross": { "value": 75.00, "currency": "EUR" }
}Common pitfalls
- totalGross ≠ Σ(lineItem): open inconsistency. Always compute downstream.
- Coverage not linked: no insurance/patient split — the EOB cannot be chained.
- currency missing: server default applies, but avoid in cross-border use.
Related resources
- ChargeItem — Billable line items.
- Account — Patient account aggregating Invoices.
- Coverage — Applicable insurance.
- ExplanationOfBenefit — Coverage detail.