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DeviceMetric — detail: observation streams

Configuration of a measurement channel on a medical device: SpO2 on a monitor, invasive blood pressure, ECG. Pivot between Device and Observation.

Role in the measurement chain

A physical Device (e.g. Philips IntelliVue monitor) exposes several measurement channels: SpO2, RR, HR, NIBP, IBP, EtCO2. Each channel is a DeviceMetric. The Observation emitted by the channel points to the DeviceMetric via device and implicitly inherits the declared calibration and sampling frequency.

Key fields

FieldTypeRole
typeCodeableConceptQuantity measured (LOINC, MDC).
unitCodeableConceptUCUM unit.
deviceReference(Device)Physical host device.
operationalStatuscodeon | off | standby | entered-in-error.
colorcodeDisplay colour on the monitor.
categorycodemeasurement | setting | calculation | unspecified.
measurementPeriodTimingSampling frequency.
calibrationBackboneElement[]Calibration history.

Calibration

The calibration block tracks calibration operations: type (unspecified | offset | gain | two-point), state (not-calibrated | calibration-required | calibrated | unspecified), time of the last event.

Example: SpO2 on multiparameter monitor

json devicemetric-spo2.json 
{
  "resourceType": "DeviceMetric",
  "id": "spo2-channel-monitor-001",
  "identifier": [{ "value": "MON001-CH04" }],
  "type": {
    "coding": [{
      "system": "http://loinc.org",
      "code": "59408-5",
      "display": "Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry"
    }]
  },
  "unit": {
    "coding": [{ "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org", "code": "%", "display": "percent" }]
  },
  "device": { "reference": "Device/spo2-sensor-A78" },
  "operationalStatus": "on",
  "color": "yellow",
  "category": "measurement",
  "measurementPeriod": {
    "repeat": { "frequency": 1, "period": 1, "periodUnit": "s" }
  },
  "calibration": [{
    "type": "gain",
    "state": "calibrated",
    "time": "2026-05-17T08:00:00+02:00"
  }]
}

Common pitfalls

  • Missing unit — without UCUM unit, derived Observations are ambiguous (30 mmHg or bar?).
  • operationalStatus stale — a channel off that keeps emitting Observations indicates an instrumentation error.
  • measurement / setting confusion — an alarm threshold (RR > 25) is setting, not measurement.
  • No calibration recorded — for some sensors (IBP), zeroing is mandatory before each use. Traceability must appear in calibration[].