ECB-EUROSYSTEM

ECB Eurosystem zone euro monetary authority.

Définition

ECB Eurosystem structure : Governing Council (Executive Board 6 ECB + 20 NCB Governors), Executive Board (6 ECB executives), General Council (Executive Board + Governors all EU NCBs including non-euro). Functions principales : (1) Monetary Policy euro (interest rates Main Refinancing Operations MRO, Deposit Facility Rate DFR, Marginal Lending Facility MLF), (2) Banking Supervision SSM 113 significant institutions banques systemicas, (3) Payment Systems (TARGET2, TARGET2-Securities, TIPS Instant Payments), (4) Reserve Management euro reserves, (5) Banknotes issuance euro. President actuel Christine Lagarde (2019+), Vice-Presidente Luis de Guindos. Headquarters Frankfurt am Main Germany (Main Tower + Eurotower). ~3800 staff. Digital Euro project en cours preparation phase 2023-2026 (decision Phase 2 lancement 2026 possible).

Origine

ECB fondee 1 juin 1998 ; Treaty Maastricht 1992 cree European System Central Banks ESCB ; euro lance 1 janvier 1999 (notes 2002) ; SSM Single Supervisory Mechanism cree 2014 ; ~20 pays euro 2024.

Exemple en contexte

ECB Governing Council decision 12 septembre 2024 baisser interest rates Main Refinancing Operations MRO 25 bps a 3.50% (post inflation 2% target convergence) ; transmission via TARGET2 settlement et euro banking system.

Termes liés

• ECB DLT — innovation tech ECB.